Europe Hazard Map

Understand climate change

Evidence, not assertions

Human-caused climate change: examine the evidence yourself

We do not begin with projections or individual disasters, but with the simplest testable question: what has actually been measured? We then examine possible causes, attribution to human influence and the consequences for extreme events.

01Measurement

What instruments and observational records show.

02Attribution

Which causes explain the observed change.

03Projection

What models project under clearly stated assumptions.

The chain of evidence

Four questions, one at a time

Each step stands on its own. No later conclusion is used as evidence for an earlier step.

  1. 01
    Available now

    Is the climate changing measurably?

    Global and European temperature records and atmospheric CO₂ concentration are plotted directly from published datasets.

  2. 02
    Next section

    Can natural factors explain the trend?

    Solar activity, volcanoes and internal climate variability are compared using their measured influence.

  3. 03
    Planned

    How is the human contribution determined?

    Physics, emissions, characteristic warming patterns and model comparisons provide independent lines of evidence.

  4. 04
    Planned

    What does this mean for extreme events?

    Long-term risk trends and studies of individual events remain separate. Where no attribution is available, we say so explicitly.

Important ground rule

A single event is not proof of climate change

A wildfire, flood or cold winter day cannot by itself prove or disprove that the climate is changing. The live map shows events. The climate section examines long-term records and, where available, scientific attribution studies.

Transparency standard

Every central claim remains verifiable

Original data

Charts are generated from versioned datasets, not traced from images.

Data status

Source, time period, reference period and latest value appear directly beside the chart.

Uncertainty

Measurement uncertainty, natural variability and model ranges are not mixed into one number.

Original source

Every dataset links back to the responsible scientific institution.